Question: C. 2. Class 10 – Central Nervous System Structure & Function A. Bone And Connective Tissue: Protective And Support Structures 1. Name The Bones That Protect The Brain And Spinal Cord. (Fig. 9.3) Il. What Are The Three Parts Of The Meninges? B. Cerebral Blood Supply And Blood Brain Barrier I. What Kinds Of Molecules Can Cross The Blood-brain Barrier? …

C. 2. Class 10 – Central Nervous System structure & function a. Bone and connective tissue: Protective and support structures 1. Name the bones that protect the brain and spinal cord. (Fig. 9.3) il. What are the three parts of the meninges? b. Cerebral blood supply and blood brain barrier i. What kinds of molecules can cross the blood-brain barrier? ii. The brain is highly dependent on blood flow for energy. Describe how oxygen and glucose consumption are involved in this phenomenon. II. What happens if the brain’s oxygen and glucose requirements aren’t met? iv. What are three differences between blood vessels in the brain and blood vessels in other parts of the body (e.g., liver)? v. What structures and cells help make brain capillaries less leaky than other capillaries? (Fig. 9.5) White and gray matter – 1. What is the difference between white matter and gray matter? ii. Compare and contrast gray matter and white matter. (Fig. 9.3c) d. Spinal cord i. What function is associated with the dorsal side/horn of the spinal cord? Sensory or motor? it. What function is associated with the ventral side/horn of the spinal cord? Sensory or motor? ill. Ventral horn cells/spinal motor neurons (Fig. 9.6, 9.7) 1. Where does this start (where are cell bodies found)? 2. What neurotransmitter do these neurons use? Brain 1. Briefly describe the major functions of the following brain regions. (Ref – Fig. 9.8) 1. Cerebral cortex – sensory areas (e.g. primary visual ctx auditory st) 2. Cerebral cortex – association areas 3. Cerebral cortex – motor areas (e.g. primary motor to 4. Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas (p. 303) 5. Basal ganglia – striatum 6. Amygdala 7. Hippocampus 8. Thalamus 9. Hypothalamus (2 functions – see Table 9.2) 10. Medulla oblongata 11. Cerebellum ii. Cerebral cortices and lobes 1. The two hemispheres of the cerebrum are connected at the (Figs. 9.8c, 9.9) 2. Name the four lobes found in each hemisphere of the brain. (Fig. 9.8b, c, e) e. 3. The primary somatic sensory cortex in the lobe receives information from The pathways carry information about (Fig. 9.13) 4. The visual cortex in the lobe receives information from the 5. The auditory cortex in the lobe receives information from the iii. Catecholamine Modulatory Systems – Norepinephrine & Dopamine (Fig. 9.16) 1. What are two major functions of norepinephrine (NE)? Where in the brain do NE secreting cells originate? 2. What are two major functions of dopamine (DA)? Where in the brain do DA secreting cells originate? iv. Language (p. 302-304, Fig. 9.20) 1. Damage to Wernicke’s area results in aphasia. Describe this condition. 2. Damage to Broca’s area results in aphasia. Describe this condition. V. CTE 1. What is CTE? 2. In Figure 2 of the Mez, et al, 2017 paper (in D2L), the authors note that the brains of many former football players showed moderate to severe tau pathology in the amygdala, hippocampus, locus coeruleus (LC) and substantia nigra (SN). Based on your knowledge of the CNS, briefly list one or two clinical features of CTE listed in Table 3 that might be mediated by damage to these brain regions.