Question: 3. Geographic Coordinates (19 Points) Locations On Earth’s Surface Can Be Specified In Terms Of Latitude And Longitude. Parallels (or Lines) Of Latitude Are Parallel To The Earth’s Equator And Measured In Degrees North And South Of The Equator. Latitude Is 0° At The Equator, 90°N At The North Pole And 90°S At The South Pole. Meridians (or Lines) …

3. Geographic Coordinates (19 points) Locations on Earth’s surface can be specified in terms of latitude and longitude. Parallels (or lines) of latitude are parallel to the Earth’s equator and measured in degrees north and south of the equator. Latitude is 0° at the equator, 90°N at the north pole and 90°S at the south pole. Meridians (or lines) of longitude run north-south and pass through the north and south geographic poles. They are perpendicular to parallels of latitude. Longitude is measured in degrees east and west of the “prime meridian,” which passes through a former observatory in Greenwich, England. Longitude ranges from 0° to 180° E (or 180°W). Assuming the Earth is a sphere of radius re = 6.371 x 10 m, it is possible to determine the distance along the surface along latitude and longitude lines. (a) Consider two points on the equator at coordinates (lat., long.) of (0°N, 20°E) and (0°N, 30°W). What is the surface distance between these two points, measured in km? (4 points) ANSWER: (b) Consider two points with the same longitudes as in part (a) but at latitude 50°N. What is the surface distance between these two points? (5 points) ANSWER: (c) Now consider two points on the same meridian of longitude, but with different latitudes, specifically (10°N, 127°W) and (30°N, 127° W). Determine the surface distance between these points. (4 points) ANSWER: (d) Would your answer to part (c) be different if the points were (50°N, 127°W) and (70°N, 127°W)? If so, by how much? (3 points) ANSWER: (e) Would your answer to part (c) be different if the points were at a different longitude, such as 12º E? If so by how much? (3 points) ANSWER: